"By the year 2015, the number of people without proper sanitation should be reduced by 50%" is one of the Millenium Development Goals, the key commitments of the Johannesburg Summit in 2002.

These targets can only be realised by widespread implementation of proper wastewater treatment technology. Treatment of municipal wastewater in anaerobic reactors, post-treatment in natural systems and agricultural reuse have been shown to be relatively simple and cheap in practice, and effective in removing pollutants and recovering resources (irrigation water, energy and nutrients).

Learning objectives

The aim of the course is to introduce the participants to the concept, application and design of anaerobic reactors and a number of natural systems for wastewater treatment.

In addition the participants are introduced to the design and operation of agricultural effluent reuse schemes. Upon course completion, participants will be able to:

Describe the physical, chemical and microbiological processes occurring in anaerobic reactors and a number of natural systems. Explain the effect of process conditions on system performance and effluent composition.
Critically reflect on the current sanitation systems encountered in many urban areas and to indicate ways to improve this situation in a sustainable manner.
Evaluate the possibilities for closing cycles of energy, water and nutrients.
Evaluate the feasibility of applying anaerobic high-rate reactors for pre-treatment of domestic wastewater in an urban setting.
Carry out preliminary process design of the treatment and reuse systems to assess the needs for capital, land, equipment and operation and maintenance.

Target group

Engineers, scientists and other water professionals with a BSc degree in environmental sciences, chemical engineering, civil engineering or related disciplines.

Additional information

The syllabus includes the following subjects: rationale of applying natural systems for wastewater management; role of anaerobic pre-treatment in sanitation strategies; anaerobic reactor technology; nutrient cycles; waste stabilisation ponds; fish aquaculture; macrophyte ponds; constructed wetlands; land applications; technology selection; World Health Organisation and Food & Agricultural Organisation guidelines, development of appropriate cropping patterns, crop selection, irrigation technology and nutrient demand; and matching irrigation water supply and demand.